Anjali Krishnan

On food, beverage and potable duty the material is only half the requirement. What the regulations actually cover, and what an auditor will ask you for.

Steam hose failures hurt people, and most of them happen at the ends rather than in the middle. What steam service demands, and why push-on couplings have no place on it.

The liner decides everything. How compatibility charts work, why concentration and temperature change the answer, and what else has to be right before the hose is safe to use.

Hydraulic hose is chosen on pressure. Industrial hose is chosen on what is going through it, at what temperature, and whether it has to suck as well as blow.

Three installation faults account for a large share of premature hose failure, and all three are free to avoid at fitting time. What they look like and how to design them out.

Four families cover almost every hydraulic connection you will meet. What each one seals on, which are re-makeable, and which pairs will thread together and still fail.

A failed hose usually tells you why it failed. Abrasion, kinking, heat, cold-set, wrong routing and fitting problems each leave a different signature — and each has a different fix.

They share a thread form and a size designation, and they do not seal the same way. How to tell them apart on the bench, and what happens when they are mixed.

A high-pressure leak can inject fluid through skin from a hole you cannot see. The entry wound looks trivial and the damage underneath is not. What it is, why it is missed, and what to do in the first hour.

Four thread families cover almost everything on a machine in the Gulf. Here is how to tell them apart with a caliper and a thread gauge — and why two of them will thread together and still leak.